Definition and Examples of Free Relative Clauses

Definition and Examples of Free Relative Clauses In English language structure, a free relative condition is a sort of relative provision (that is, a word bunch starting with a wh-word) that contains the forerunner inside itself. Likewise called an ostensible relative provision, aâ fused relative development, an autonomous relative clause,â or (in customary language structure) a thing condition. A free relative can allude to individuals or things, and it can work as a subject, a supplement, or an object.Examples and Observations No one knows it, since no one realizes what truly happened.(Donald E. Westlake, The Hook. Baffling Press, 2000)We need to ensure that what were doing is truly what we should be doing.(General Abrams in Vietnam Chronicles: The Abrams Tapes, 1968-1972, ed. by Lewis Sorley. Texas Tech University Press, 2004)You can say what you please. I consumed my English books and I didnt get a degree. All Im saying now, if Im permitted, is that Willie ought to get a degree.â (V.S. Naipaul, Half a Life. Alfred A. Knopf, 2001)A man wearing the uniform of the Military Police had ventured into the unit and was simply moving in the direction of where she was standing. (Michael Palmer, The Fifth Vial. St. Martins Press, 2007)Look, Cynthiayou have an ideal option to object. You feel free to think anything you desire. Regardless of whether you need to be irate, at that point you be furious.  (Philip Roth, Letting Go. Arbitrary House, 1962)The way I hear it you can truly put it away.Whoever revealed to you that is a liar. Bledsoe fixed away from the rail, headed toward the barn. (Michael Joens, Blood Reins. Thomas Dunne Books, 2005) Forerunners in Free Relative Clauses The relative word in the ostensible relative statement has no precursor since the predecessor is combined with the family member: I found what (that which; what) you were searching for; He says whatever (anything that) he prefers. Since they are liberated from forerunners, such provisos are some of the time called autonomous or free relative clauses. (Tom McArthur, Concise Oxford Companion to the English Language. Oxford University Press, 2005) A Headless Relative A relative proviso which clearly does not have a head is known as a free relative condition, likewise in some cases called a headless family member (however some contend that the head is available linguistically yet phonologically vacant, and consequently this is a deceptive term). (R.E. Asher and ‎J.M.Y. Simpson, The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics. Pergamon Press, 1994) Qualities of Free Relative Clauses [The] free relative provisions . . . [are] emphasized in: (117a) What you state is true(117b) I will go where you go(117c) I dont like how he acted toward her They are described by the way that the wh-pronoun what/where/how gives off an impression of being antecedentless, in that it doesnt allude back to some other constituent in the sentence. In addition, the arrangement of relative pronouns found in free relative statements is somewhat not the same as that found in restrictives or appositives: for example what and by what method can fill in as free relative pronouns, however not as appositive or prohibitive pronouns; and alternately, which can fill in as a prohibitive or appositive relative pronoun yet not as a free relative pronoun. (Andrew Radford, Analyzing English Sentences: A Minimalist Approach. Cambridge University Press, 2009) Two Types of Free Relative Clauses: Definite and Indefinite The main sort of free relative condition, the clear free relative provision, is presented by a wh-word, for example, what, where, or when, as appeared in (64). (64) Mark eats what he arranges. . . . [V]erbs that are trailed by clear free family members starting with what must be fit for being trailed by nonhuman NPs. What Jim picked in (65a), a free family member, breezes through this assessment, as appeared by (65b). (65a) Sally requested what Jim chose.(65b) Sally requested a burger/espresso/a bit of pie. Another test for clear free family members is subbing that (thing) which for what, as appeared in (66). (66) Sally requested that (thing) which Jim picked. . . . The second kind of free relative provision is an uncertain free relative proviso, additionally called a restrictive free relative statement in light of the fact that the words that present the condition (who(m)ever, whatever, whichever, at whatever point, and notwithstanding) can be summarized with if, as show by (68a) and (68b), or paying little mind to, as appeared by (68c) and (68d). (68a) Joan hits the dance floor with whoever asks her to dance.(68b) If somebody asks Joan to hit the dance floor with him, she hits the dance floor with him.(68c) Fred eats whatever Alice offers him.(68d) Regardless of whatever Alice offers Fred, he eats it. (Ron Cowan, The Teachers Grammar of English: A Course Book and Reference Guide. Cambridge University Press, 2008)

What to Do If You Get Rejected From Your Dream College

What to Do If You Get Rejected From Your Dream College SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips You’ve conveyed your applications and can't quit imagining yourself at your top-decision school. Be that as it may, at that point the incomprehensible occurs: you get a school dismissal letter.You begin to ponder: what turned out badly? What do I do now? Is it still conceivable to go to my top-decision school? In all actuality I've been in this exactsame circumstance. In 2008, I got dismissed from my top-decision school, Stanford.Though the dismissal letter hurt, on the in addition to side, it showed me a ton about what I fouled up, both in my application and my general secondary school vocation. In this article, I utilize my own dismissal experience as a manual for clarify how likely a school dismissal is for you, how to abstain from getting dismissed from school, and the means to take on the off chance that your top-decision school just isn’t that into you. How Likely Is It That You’ll Get a College Rejection Letter? First of all, how likely is it that you’ll really get dismissed from school all the more critically, from your top-decision school? The response to this inquiry differs relying upon two principle factors: How serious your top-decision school is How solid your school application is How Competitive Is Your Top-Choice School? As you might've speculated, your odds of getting dismissed from school rely a great deal upon how hard your top-decision school is to get into. Numerous students’ top decisions are Ivy League organizations, for example, Harvard, Princeton, and Columbia, or different lofty, top 25 schools, for example, Stanford, Rice, and the University of Chicago. Presently, what do huge numbers of these schools share for all intents and purpose? That is right:extremely low acknowledgment rates.These rates significantly influence your probability of getting acknowledged (or getting dismissed). The following are the acknowledgment rates for the best 25 colleges, as dictated by the latest US News rankings for 2018. All schools are recorded arranged by positioning. (Expert tip: click the school name to get familiar with its affirmation prerequisites!) School US News Ranking Acknowledgment Rate Princeton 1 7% Harvard 2 5% College of Chicago 3 (tie) 8% Yale 3 (tie) 6% Columbia 5 (tie) 6% MIT 5 (tie) 8% Stanford 5 (tie) 5% College of Pennsylvania 8 9% Duke 9 11% Caltech 10 8% Dartmouth 11 (tie) 11% Johns Hopkins 11 (tie) 12% Northwestern 11 (tie) 11% Earthy colored 14 (tie) 9% Cornell 14 (tie) 14% Rice 14 (tie) 15% Vanderbilt 14 (tie) 11% College of Notre Dame 18 (tie) 19% Washington University in St. Louis 18 (tie) 17% Georgetown 20 17% Emory 21 (tie) 25% UC Berkeley 21 (tie) 16% UCLA 21 (tie) 18% USC 21 (tie) 17% Carnegie Mellon 25 (tie) 22% UVA 25 (tie) 30% As should be obvious, your possibility of acknowledgment to top-level universities ranges from only 5% to as much as 30%.Your possibility of school dismissal is most noteworthy for schools positioned in the best 10. At these universities, the run of the mill candidate has an incredible 90-95% possibility of getting dismissed. These are incredibly, general appraisals, though.How high or low your odds of dismissal are will eventually rely upon the general quality of your application (we talk about this more below).To get a somewhat increasingly precise thought of your affirmation opportunities to a specific school, utilize our school confirmations number cruncher. In any case, the fact is clear: most candidates to profoundly particular schools get rejected.Your possibility of getting a school dismissal letter will be more outlandish if your top-decision school is positioned lower and has a higher affirmation rate. You have a lower possibility of getting dismissed from NYU than you do from Columbia. (jpellgen (@1179_jp)/Flickr) How Strong Is Your College Application? The other central point that influences your odds of getting dismissed from school is the quality of your application. A solid school applicationusually has the accompanying highlights: A high GPA and thorough, testing course load High grades on theSAT/ACT,SAT Subject Tests, AP tests, and so on. A convincing individual explanation Relevant letters of suggestion A noteworthy resume/CV-especially one that exhibits your progressing responsibility to a specific field A highclass rank (if your secondary school computes rank) For the Ivy League and other profoundly serious schools, you’ll certainly need to stand apart from other applicants.And the most ideal approach to do this is tocreate a major spike in your application. A spike is basically something you’re enthusiastic about and have persistently endeavored to ace. It could be anything from an adoration for composing short stories to an energy for science. Above all, your spike ought to be a field you’re really dedicated toand for which you have adequate proof to demonstrate your responsibility. On the off chance that you have a spike just as high grades, a high GPA, and so forth., you’ll have a vastly improved possibility of being a top-decision contender for your school. The entirety of this likewise implies you ought to abstain from focusing on a balanced application. This can put you directly in the crapshoot of school applications, fundamentally lessening your opportunity of acknowledgment (and along these lines expanding your opportunity of dismissal). For additional tips on the best way to assemble a solid application, take a gander at a genuine Harvard application and acknowledgment letter, provided by our occupant immaculate SAT/ACT scorer. My Experience: I Got Rejected From Stanford Some of you perusing this may be asking why I’m composing this article. All things considered, let me start with certain realities. Dismissal is the same old thing to me. I applied to school in 2008 (yeesh, I’m getting old!). At that point, Stanford was my top decision, so I applied prohibitive early activity, implying that my application was expected before (by November 1) and that Stanford was my #1 pick for school. After a short time, I got a dismissal by email. It was the primary college I heard back from in the application procedure, and its letter was by a wide margin the most painful.I recollect crying uncontrollably when I got done with understanding it and afterward racing to my folks for comfort. Such a large number of inquiries went through my mind: why they didn’t like me? What did I foul up? Did I mess up my application by one way or another? Is it accurate to say that i was essentially not sufficient? Months after the fact, I got acknowledged to USC and chose to go to that school. What's more, I had an awesome time: I joined two or three clubs, composed for the school paper, took a shot at grounds, made old buddies, and had some good times and varied experience I’d never exchange for anything. At times, however, I recollect that underlying school dismissal and marvel: how could I figure out how to get past such a troublesome, upsetting time in my life?And how might I use what I realize now to help different understudies similarly situated I was once in? Here’s why I’m revealing to all of you of this: I need you to realize that I’m talking from experience:This isn't an article originating from one of those top understudies who got into each Ivy League school and has never managed the devastating agony of dismissal. Trust me, I’ve been there-and I know precisely how it feels! It’s imperative to realize that you’re not alone:Lots of understudies get dismissed from school truly, more than you may might suspect!- and it’s an absolutely typical piece of the school confirmation process. Indeed, some fortunate individuals will get acknowledged to all the schools they apply to, yet the truth of the matter is that most understudies will get dismissed from at any rate one school, particularly on the off chance that they're applying to exceptionally serious ones. Dismissal is a piece of life:It sucks to concede this, yet it's reality. The better you can figure out how to deal with dismissal, the simpler it'll be to proceed onward and search for new (and better) approaches to accomplish your objectives. (As a little something extra, I’ve likewise gotten dismissed from graduate schools, so indeed I’m quite experienced at this dismissal thing!) Since you know my story, let’s start with the positives: how to abstain from getting dismissed from school in any case. On the off chance that this doesn’t work out for you, no concerns I’ll additionally offer you guidance on what to do in the event that you do get dismissed. Tragically, my tips for keeping away from dismissal don't have any significant bearing to asking individuals out on dates. The most effective method to Avoid Getting a College Rejection: 6 Tips Since getting my first school dismissal from Stanford, I can disclose to you this: I’ve took in a great deal about what I fouled up in my application. For one, my application wasn't exceptional enough.I didn’t have a spike that made me stand separated from different candidates; rather, I gullibly had faith in the confusion that balanced was what every single top school needed the most. (Indication: it’s not!) What's more, my SAT score wasn’t adequate. At the time I figured I'd excelled on the test, yet I didn’t understand that entirely great isn’t generally adequate for top schools like Stanford. These days,you'd need to score around 1520 (or in the top 1%) just to meet the normal at Stanford! At last, I didn’t exploit the AP/praises classes accessible at my secondary schools (I moved and went to two schools). I felt that a few AP classes and two or three high AP scores would be sufficient. Once more, however, this isn’t that noteworthy to top-positioned schools. So what would you be able to do to guarantee that you have a superior possibility of getting into your top-decision school? Here are my main six hints: #1: Maintain a High GPA While Also Challenging Yourself Most understudies proba

The Environment and Free-Range, Organic, and Local Meat

The Environment and Free-Range, Organic, and Local Meat Meat and other creature items are a genuine ecological issue, driving the Atlantic section of the Sierra Club to call creature items, a Hummer on a plate. Notwithstanding, unfenced, natural, or neighborhood meats are not the arrangement. Unfenced, Cage-Free, Pasture-Raised Meat, Eggs, and Dairy Manufacturing plant ranchers are not animal-detesting cruel people who bind the animals for no particular reason. Processing plant cultivating began on the grounds that researchers during the 1960s were searching for an approach to fulfill the meat needs of a detonating human populace. The main way the U.S. can take care of creature items to a huge number of individuals is to develop grain as an extraordinary monoculture, transform that grain into creature feed, and afterward give that feed to seriously restricted creatures. There isn’t enough accessible land on earth to raise all domesticated animals unfenced or confine free. The United Nations reports that domesticated animals presently utilize 30 percent of the earth’s whole land surface, for the most part lasting field yet in addition including 33 percent of the worldwide arable land used to deliver feed for animals. Unfenced, field took care of creatures would require significantly more land on which to take care of. They require considerably more nourishment and water than processing plant cultivated creatures, since they are practicing more. To fulfill the expanding need for grass-took care of hamburger, South American rainforests are being cleared to create more field for natural, grass-took care of meat to be traded. Just 3 percent of the hamburger created in the U.S. is grass-taken care of, and right now, a huge number of wild ponies are uprooted by this moderately modest number of cows. The U.S. alone has 94.5 million hamburger cows. One rancher evaluates that it takes 2.5 to 35 sections of land of field, contingent upon the nature of the field, to raise a grass-took care of bovine. Utilizing the more moderate figure of 2.5 sections of land of field, this implies we need roughly 250 million sections of land to make nibbling pastures for each cow in the U.S. That is more than 390,000 square miles, which is in excess of 10 percent of all the land in the U.S. Natural Meat Raising creatures naturally doesn't diminish the measure of nourishment or water required to deliver meat, and the creatures will deliver the same amount of waste. Under the National Organic Program managed by the USDA, natural affirmation for creature items has certain base consideration prerequisites under 7 C.F.R. 205, for example, access to the outside, conceal, cover, practice zones, natural air, and direct daylight (7 C.F.R. 205.239). Fertilizer should likewise be overseen in a way that doesn't add to pollution of yields, soil, or water by plant supplements, substantial metals, or pathogenic life forms and improves reusing of supplements (7. C.F.R. 205.203) Organic domesticated animals should likewise be taken care of naturally created feed and can't be given development hormones (7 C.F.R. 205.237). While natural meat offers some ecological and medical advantages over processing plant cultivating as far as buildup, squander the executives, pesticides, herbicides, and composts, the domesticated animals don't devour less assets or produce less excrement. Animals raised naturally are still butchered, and natural meat is similarly as inefficient, if not progressively inefficient, than manufacturing plant cultivated meat. Neighborhood Meat We hear that single direction to be eco-accommodating is to eat locally, to decrease the measure of assets required to convey nourishment to our table. Locavores endeavor to construct their eating regimen around nourishment delivered inside a specific good ways from their home. While eating locally may diminish your effect on the earth, the decrease isn't as incredible as some would accept and different components are increasingly significant. As per CNN, an Oxfam report titled, Fair Miles - Recharting the Food Miles Map, found that the manner by which nourishment is created is a higher priority than how far that nourishment is shipped. The measure of vitality, manure, and different assets utilized on the ranch may have more natural hugeness than the transportation of the last item. Nourishment miles are not constantly a decent measuring stick. Purchasing from a little, nearby traditional ranch may have a more prominent carbon impression than purchasing from a huge, natural homestead a huge number of miles away. Natural or not, the bigger ranch additionally has the economy of scale on its side. Furthermore, as a 2008 article in The Guardian brings up, purchasing new produce from most of the way around the globe has a lower carbon impression than purchasing neighborhood apples unavailable that have been in chilly stockpiling for ten months. In The Locavore Myth, James E. McWilliams composes: One investigation, by Rich Pirog of the Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture, indicated that transportation represents just 11% of nourishments carbon impression. A fourth of the vitality required to create nourishment is exhausted in the buyers kitchen. Still more vitality is expended per feast in an eatery, since cafés discard the greater part of their extras... The normal American eats 273 pounds of meat a year. Surrender red meat once every week and youll spare as much vitality as though the main nourishment miles in your eating regimen were the separation to the closest truck rancher. On the off chance that you need to say something, ride your bicycle to the ranchers advertise. In the event that you need to decrease ozone harming substances, become a vegan. While purchasing privately delivered meat will lessen the measure of fuel expected to ship your nourishment, it doesn't change the way that creature agribusiness requires an excessive measure of assets and creates a lot of waste and contamination. Tara Garnett of the Food Climate Research Network expressed: There is just a single method for being certain that you cut down on your carbon outflows when purchasing nourishment: quit eating meat, milk, margarine and cheddar... These originate from ruminants-sheep and steers that produce a lot of unsafe methane. As it were, it isn't the wellspring of the nourishment that issues yet the sort of nourishment you eat. Taking everything into account, eating locally is better than eating nourishment that must be shipped a great many miles, however the natural points of interest of locavorism could not hope to compare with those of going veggie lover. In conclusion, one can decide to be a natural, vegetarian locavore to receive the ecological rewards of each of the three ideas. They are not totally unrelated.

Compassionate Colonialism - Literature Essay Samples

Herman Melville’s Typee: A Peep at Polynesian Life is both a compelling illusory story and a concerted effort to moderate the imperialist mindset of its readers. In fact, Typee is a narrative that doubles as a manifesto, a collection of Melville’s own autobiographical observations that are meant to educe attitudes against colonialism. â€Å"Colonialism,† however, is a broad topic, and Melville could have constructed an argument against its rudiments in many different ways. In Typee, Melville manages to write a novel against colonialism without writing a novel about colonialism, never stepping aside from his responsibilities as a storyteller. Certainly, there are moments in the text where anti-imperialist arguments–though never identified as such–are dealt with directly by the narrator. Most of the narrative, however, employs anti-imperial rhetoric on much subtler levels, involving the intersection of numerous themes and ideas. Perhaps because of these complications, Typee is also a problematic text, as Melville often employs ideas at odds with his anti-colonialism intent. In fact, I argue that Melville ultimately fails in his attempts to edify his readers, as the critiques in Typee end up serving the same assumptions they intend to challenge. Much of Melville’s anti-imperial rhetoric presents itself in the form of critiques of European-American civilization. In the chapter titled â€Å"Civilized and Savage Life Contrasted,† Tommo says:In a primitive state of society, the enjoyments of life, though few and simple, are spread over a great extent, and are unalloyed; but Civilization, for every advantage she imparts, holds a hundred evils in reserve;–the heart burnings, the jealousies, the social rivalries, the family dissensions, and the thousand self-inflicted discomforts of refined life, which make up in units the swelling aggregate of human misery, are unknown among these unsophisticated people. (1 24-5)Tommo, essentially, believes the Typee culture to be valuable because it is, to his eye, without the irritations of â€Å"refined life.† The Typees’ primitivism is a blessing; the enjoyments and otherwise positive aspects of Typee life are owed to not having to deal with the inconveniences of civilization, to freedom from the self-inflicted pains of modern-era civility. â€Å"To many of them,† Tommo says, â€Å" life is little else than an often interrupted and luxurious nap† (152). The central problem with these arguments, however, is that they are not arguments for native peoples but, rather, are arguments against European-American society. Melville professes the value of Typee culture because of what it is not–it is not a culture of capitalism, nor is it a European culture. This is why the â€Å"exotic† locales of the world are fanciful and exotic to the American or European heart in the first place; it is the civilized personâ €™s ironic dream to live a converse life. The Typee people do not work (in the capitalist sense), nor are they concerned with â€Å"mortgages† or â€Å"unreasonable tailors and shoemakers† (126). But this valuation of a native culture for what it lacks is a vain endeavor and only serves to reinforce the notions of European superiority. In fact, Tommo’s words are symptomatic of imperialist thought, which favors a sort of smug self-deprecation that tries to negate (or veil) one’s belief in their superiority-granting advanced technologies and conveniences by mentioning the rough aspects of those things; the Typee may not enjoy the comforts of down mattresses, but oh, aren’t they lucky they don’t have to worry with making a bed! Melville’s attempt at demonstrating the value of a culture because it lacks the inconveniences of a life full of capitalistically prudent comforts is, as a means to defend a people from colonization, usele ss and superficial. In fact, imperialist forces often justify their actions with such a notion; would it not be judicious for us to bring modern comforts to a people who are unaware of their suffering? Melville also attempts to subvert his readers’ ethnocentric preconceptions about the inferiority of native peoples. While residing in a Typee dwelling, Tommo says:Marheyo was a most paternal and warm-hearted fellow, and in this particular not a little resembled his son Kory-Kory. The mother of the latter was the mistress of the family, and a notable housewife, and a most industrious old lady she was. If she did not understand the art of making jellies, jams, custards, tea-cakes, and such like trashy affairs, she was profoundly skilled in the mysteries of preparing â€Å"amar,† â€Å"poee-poee,† and â€Å"kokoo,† [†¦] bustling about the house like a country landlady. (84)Tommo witnesses paternalism in the Typee people; The father is of a warm dispo sition, and the â€Å"mother† of the family tends to domestic operations much in the same way, ostensibly, that an American head of house might. She is even skilled in the Typee-equivalent of cooking home-foods. Melville attempts to invoke the shared humanity between the Typees and his readers, painting a picture of family and domesticity familiar to his audience. In essence, he tries to humanize the Typee, alleviating his civilized readers the alien aspects of the Typees’ existence. Unfortunately, Melville’s efforts to demonstrate the depth of Typee humanity continually prove conflicted by colonial imperatives that demand exhibition of the native’s inferiority. Tommo’s narration of his experiences on the island possesses an authority of observation inexorably granted him by his outsider status. Assessments and analysis of an alien culture implies simplicity, and Tommo’s observations are in step with colonial requisites that necessitat e singular, one-dimensional native peoples. For example, Tommo is repeatedly in the habit of denying the Typee people a history. He says, â€Å"Nothing can be more uniform and undiversified that the life of the Typees; [†¦] and with these unsophisticated savages the history of a day is the history of a life† (149). This is a direct denial of the validity of the Typees as a society, representing their day-to-day existence as trivial despite revelations that there are often days of feasting, as well as times of war and mourning. Even when Melville attempts to relate the beauty of the Typee native, he does so with an ethnocentric eye and employs imperialist language. The islanders are handsome because of the â€Å"European cast of their features,† and their faces present a profile that is â€Å"classically beautiful† (184). This, of course, is symptomatic of the quintessential Euro-centric view of the world (the view that labels North America â€Å"West † and Asia â€Å"East† in the first place), one where even physical features are subject to European tastes and critique, and Melville’s attempt at justifying his admiration for the Typees only serves to reinforce European norms.So, too, does Melville undermine his message by making use of certain symbols of his civilization’s supposed superiority. Consider the description of the warrior Marheyo placing Tommo’s rotted shoes around his neck: I immediately comprehended his desires, and very generously gave him the shoes, which had become quite mouldy, wondering for what earthly purpose he could want them. The same afternoon I descried the venerable warrior approaching the house, with a slow, stately gait, ear-rings in ears, and spear in hand, with this highly ornamental pair of shoes suspended from his neck by a strip of bark, and swinging backwards and forwards on his capacious chest. (146)In this passage the narrator takes a decidedly arrogant to ne, as he emphasizes the warrior’s delight in such a mundane artifact. Marheyo’s status as a respected warrior, evident from the pointed phrases â€Å"venerable† and â€Å"stately,† is mocked, and he is portrayed as a fool, strutting around, proud of his new ornamentations. The humor of the situation belongs entirely to the reader, though, with the savage man as the butt of a joke he would find perplexing. Most importantly, this scene points to the continual portrayal of the Typee natives as having a childlike demeanor. But Melville portrays the Typee as childlike not because they maintain a level of civility free from the aforementioned jealousies and evils of civilization (as children are often portrayed in literature and popular culture as being free of the prejudices adults often harbor), but because they do not know better. They are childlike in that they are without the essential enlightenment of civilization that informs one to dispose of mold y shoes or else be embarrassed if caught wearing them. Melville’s self-serving portrayal of the Typee only reinforces the imperial assumption of the naà ¯ve native, that they are lacking some part of Melville’s own civilization essential before one might be considered a person at all. It is, ultimately, a reinforcement of the paternalistic mindset that, for a colonial presence, might rationalize the administration of native peoples.Perhaps the most damning issue with Typee is that of Melville’s preoccupation with cannibalism. Tommo begins mentioning his fears that the natives might be cannibals at first sight of the islands, and his perception of their status as cannibals evolves through the course of the narrative. He eventually discovers, concealed in Marheyo’s house, severed human heads and limbs, including the head of a white man, and takes this as final proof of their cannibalism:Despite the efforts of Marheyo and Kory-Kory to restrain me, I fo rced my way into the midst of the circle, and just caught a glimpse of three human heads [†¦] It was plain that I had seen the last relic of some unfortunate wretch, who must have been massacred on the beach by the savages, [†¦] Was I destined to perish like him–like him, perhaps, to be devoured, and my head to be preserved as a fearful memento of the event? (232-3)Tommo immediately assumes that the heads are â€Å"mementos† of cannibalism, the leftovers of a meal that began with the savage massacre of an unknowing victim, and he fears that cannibalism is his fate, too. In a matter of a few sentences, Melville very nearly undoes any benefit previously assigned to the Typee. They are no longer a remote culture deserving of admiration. Instead, the discovery of cannibalism is the evidence of a primitive and savage people Tommo had most expected to find in the Marquesas Islands. The goodwill extended to him by the Typee now counts for nothing; it is mere pac ification before his denouement. Cannibalism is meant to be the definitive signifier of savagery, representing a total refutation of civilization and order. By discovering what he believes to be proof of cannibalism, Tommo more or less discovers the validity of his ethnocentric, colonial notions he had refused to surrender all along.Why, then, would Melville employ such a problematic element as cannibalism in a manner that undermines much of his narrative? In mentioning cannibalism, the narrator asks whether â€Å"the mere eating of human flesh so very far exceeds in barbarity† the practice of public executions in England (125). In other words, the savagery of cannibalism is offered as being roughly equal to the savagery and wretchedness in â€Å"civilized† society. This constitutes a rare direct argument against ethnocentrism, and its employ, it turns out, is made possible by the inevitable discourse implicated by Melville’s inclusion of cannibalism. But M elville does not seem to include cannibalism to enable a discussion of the equal savageries of civilized and savage peoples (a fruitful discussion though that may be). Rather, he invokes cannibalism in the least meaningful way: as a simple and undemanding means to his story’s end, the thing that sets off Tommo’s escape from the now-revealed Typee savages. This, then, is why cannibalism so severely undermines Melville’s narrative. It is the ultimate betrayal of his intentions, serving as a final satisfaction of readers’ expectations of the native’s inferiority. I regard Melville’s attempts to moderate colonialist assumptions to be sincere. I also recognize the fact that Typee is, first and foremost, a story. But authors must be held accountable for their works and judged appropriately when they attempt to extol the virtues of their own beliefs onto their readership. Typee fails in its expression of anti-colonialism rhetoric because Me lville refuses to deny his readership their expectations, capitulating to and relying on their preconceptions. Certainly, it might be argued that Typee best serves as a transitional text, introducing new notions of civility and savagery without the blatant denial of popular opinion. But when it comes to valuing human life, there can be no protracted and undemanding transition, no gray area in which one might still weigh the value of one sovereign culture over another. There can be no such thing as a compassionate colonialist, one who professes admiration of a foreign people while believing in the inevitability of their conversion.Works CitedMelville, Herman. Typee: A Peep at Polynesian Life. Ed. John Bryant. New York: Penguin Books, 1996.

Shakespeares And Moss Poem Analysis - 1283 Words

In both Shakespeares and Moss’ version of the sonne† Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day?† contain some similarities and differences within each poem. The obvious similarity is that both of theses poems have the same title and the same idea being shown. Even though there are a many similarities, I will be focusing on the differences in both of these poems throughout this essay. In both poems, the use of diction is very different between Shakespeare and Moss. In Moss’ Poem, he uses very simple language we use today which is easier to understand and straightforward whereas Shakespeare uses a more complex and older language. For example, Shakespeare in his poem uses words like â€Å"thee’ â€Å"art† and â€Å"thou†. Both of these poems were written at†¦show more content†¦He is describing heaven as a person by saying it has an eye and calling it a â€Å"he†. Throughout the poem he goes on to say in lines five to nine about how his lover’s beauty has an effect on him. Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,/And often is his gold complexion dimmed;/And every fair from fair sometime declines,/By chance, or nature’s changing course, untrimmed;/But thy eternal summer shall not fade†(5-9). His face turns pale and his legs cant move. He is captivated by her which makes him frozen. In the second verse he is saying that all the blood that is rushing to his face took away his sight. This indicates that he is blushing when he sees her. His point is that he is blinded by love. In Moss’ parody poem, this figurative language is not seen at all. An example of imagery used in Shakespeare’s Sonnet is shown in the third line of the poem where he talks about â€Å"Rough Winds† which is referring to strong winds. Different to Shakespeare, Moss’ poem lack the use of imagery. The use of imagery in Shakespeares poem makes his more complex whereas Moss’ poem basically explains the meaning of the poem by avoiding the use of imagery. As I explained before, Howard Moss’ poem is like a modern version of Shakespeare’s. The main difference with the original version and the parody version is that Shakespeare’s sonnet is about love, death and the elapse of time,Show MoreRelatedwisdom,humor and faith19596 Words   |  79 Pages WISDOM, HUMOR, AND FAITH: A HISTORICAL VIEW Walter G. Moss Table of Contents (with links) Walter G. Moss 1 Table of Contents (with links) 1 Wisdom, Perspective, and Values 2 Humor’s Contribution to Wisdom 4 Humor and Wisdom in Europe: Some Highlights 5 Renaissance Humor: Erasmus, Rabelais, Cervantes, Shakespeare 5 Two European Russians: Anton Chekhov and Vladimir Soloviev 9 Reflections on Humor from Nietzsche to the Theatre of the Absurd 12 Humor and Wisdom in the United States: Lincoln, BeecherRead MoreEnglish Proverbs and Sayings8785 Words   |  36 Pagesequivalents to English proverbs and sayings Our hypothesis is that English proverbs and sayings can be widely used in teaching different aspects of the language. In this work we used different research methods, such as scientific cognition methods (analysis and synthesis), empirical methods (comparison). We think that the information acquired during the research is useful for learning and understanding the essence of proverbs and sayings and their role in communication; it develops language competenceRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagestheory focuses attention on the human issues in organization ‘There is nothing so practical as a good theory’ How Roethlisberger developed a ‘practical’ organization theory Column 1: The core contributing social sciences Column 2: The techniques for analysis Column 3: The neo-modernist perspective Column 4: Contributions to business and management Four combinations of science, scientific technique and the neo-modernist approach reach different parts of the organization Level 1: Developing the organization

Illegal Immigrants Help Out - 1442 Words

Illegal Immigrants help out â€Å"The United States has been built primarily by immigrants, most seeking a better life for themselves and their families though some type of industrious behavior† (Sanders 58). When many people think of illegal immigrants, they think of those people that are only here to steal Americans’ jobs. They do not think about the struggle that illegal immigrants go through to get to this country and stay in the country as well. Being illegal in this country closes many doors, but there are a few that remain open. It is hard to know what they exactly go through if no one has ever walked their path. They are here for a reason, to find something better for themselves and their families. Undocumented immigrants do not come to the United States to purposely steal other people’s jobs, they come here for a better living and not the social services that they could receive (Marietta 61). These people are not seeking to actually be helped but if help is offered they will take it. Undocumented immigrants leave their homes because they want to live the American dream. If they come to America and have a better job with a decent salary then their lives will improve. It will be easier for them to support their families. Although many people believe illegal immigrants are only in the U.S to take away Americans’ jobs, they should receive social services because they are a part of our community, need help establishing a better life and contribute to our workforce.Show MoreRelatedIllegal Immigration Is The Entry Of Non Us909 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"Illegal immigration is the entry of non-U.S. citizens into the United States without their having applied for entry at one of the many border crossings† (Illegal Immigration 9). There are numerous ways that illegal immigrants travel into the United States. The most common forms of entry are through Canada and Mexico. 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Just last month, President Obama had a televised executive decision ta lking about immigration reform. President Obama discussed how the executive decisions like providing legal status and work permits for more than 5 million immigrants, making the Republicans very reluctant to help support President Obama’s executive decision. In President ObamaRead MoreEssay on Law Breakers: The Cost of Illegal Immigrants1461 Words   |  6 Pagesthe strong work ethic and perseverance of immigrants it has become the country we see today. But in this vast amount of time between the immigrants of 21st century and those of the past what has changed the effects people see immigrants as having. The Native Americans in the 1800s saw people immigrating to their lands as unnecessary pest and not people who would one day help the country grow and thrive. 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They have gradually increased over time since the 1800’s. Illegal immigrants can come from all parts of the world, but most them come from spanish speaking countries (South and Central America). Most Americans believe illegal immigrants are a problem to the U.S.. Also, Illegal immigrants are believed to be bringing crime, butRead MoreU.s. Diplomats Work With Other Agencies And Countries1207 Words   |  5 Pagesmultilateral institutions to help improve the lives of people everywhere (â€Å"How does the US department of State engage with other Countries?†). The United States reaches out to other countries as well, even if they cannot let a certain number of immigrants into the country. Providing particular countries with helpful organizations from the United States, is an influential way to start preventing illegal immigration. If the United States flourish well there should not be an excuse to not help provide for people

Graffiti Art or Vandalism free essay sample

Vandalism? Most people can argue that there is a fine distinction between what is recognized as art and vandalism. The individual is often faced with uncertainty when the topic of graffiti arises. The public often portray graffiti as a destructive act towards his or her surroundings however; graffiti can also be considered a form of self-expression. Many questions can be made pertaining to the graffiti movement, but the main question is graffiti a crime or an art? The answers lie in the complex phrase of â€Å"beauty is in the eye of the beholder†. Graffiti portrays contemporary sub-cultured art through its versatility and bold attractiveness on the communal grounds. In the 1970s, graffiti was blatantly acknowledged as territorial graffiti where graffitists would â€Å"tag† their anonym upon various areas to obtain great recognition from other graffitists. The graffiti era began with the simple use of characterized letterings which sooner evolved to creatively embellishing large murals. Its daring and unique presentation captured the attention of the competition so as the audience expanded, so did graffiti. It has progressed from a competitive activity for street credibility to an expressive form of street art. The mastery of graffiti has become a part of subculture with its raw and defiant nature presented within the streets and the media that its legitimacy as a form of art is starting to finally be recognized by the public. First off, what is street art? Street art is considered as any art that is publicized in the â€Å"streets† oppose to territorial graffiti meant to display a message. The following states, â€Å"It represents the desire of humans to leave traces of their existence in the public sphere. †(Chung 25) . It was the works of early artists such as Jenny Holzer and Richard Hambleton in the mid-1970s, and later Jean-Michel Basquiat and Keith Haring in the 1980s, who have conspired with the street art movement. However, â€Å"today, the line that distinguishes street art from graffiti writing is blurred, with many artists producing works in both genres during their careers.† (252) Street artist Banksy is the prominent figure of incorporating both street art and traditional graffiti through his unauthorized wall-art, setting the foundation of a â€Å"new generation of street artists. † (252) Although Banksy manages to stick to the roots of â€Å"tagging† by keeping his alias discrete, he continues to manifest this movement of contemporary publicized artwork through his infamous stenciling, politically inspired wall pieces. (253) à ¢â‚¬Å"In contrast to government-commissioned public art, street art is illicit and subversive in nature. Therefore, most street artists, including Banksy, use pseudonyms to avoid legal prosecution for vandalism. †(Chung 27) Banksy’s street art does not focus on competing with rival artists, but focuses on engaging with a broader audience in a deeper level. He provokes his audience by deeply expressing out various social practices that helps viewers to reflect and confront certain aspects together as a community. (27) The underlying message of Banksy’s art can lead towards an active involvement of street art within the community. â€Å"Street art is omnipresent in urban streets and is a rish source of inspiration for artistic creativity. . . It possesses the aesthetic voices of the ordinary and enables resistance for the marginalized. Banksy’s street art, in particular, can guide students to think about various social and political issues and to reflect upon the immediate, if not unjust, world in which they live, to transform that world, and to possibly initiate change. † (Chung 32) The excitement that surrounds street art continues to escalate through medial factors, which have given the opportunity for the street art movement to gain the proper recognition and distinction from criminality. The 2010 Oscar-nominated documentary film Exit Through the Gift Shop portrayed the vitality of street art subculture featuring the works of LA-based street artist Shepard Fairey, who is well known for his â€Å"Obey† campaigns. (253) The attributing collective pieces of artist Invader in the Space Invaders video game have also given that attention of street art towards the public eye. The movement of street art and graffiti has not only gained acknowledgment through film, but also through a formalized setting such as museum exhibits. The Museum of Contemporary Art showcased one of the first street art exhibits, â€Å"Art in the Streets† in Los Angeles in 2011, which changed the history of the museum attracting more eyes in the public. (Mettler 253) The movement of street art has now evolved into a dignified way of expressing an artist’s purpose through the media that has embraced the rawness and uniqueness of this art form. Before graffiti was recognized as a form of art, it was familiarized as territorial graffiti or vandalism by an individual graffitist or â€Å"tagger† to gain recognition from other graffitists. Graffitist’s motives were highly driven by the idea â€Å"of being ‘king’ of a subway line† (137) and the respectable street credit that came along with the title. It was not about the creative aspects involved in the piece or simply talent, but the quantity and location. (Powers 137) You wouldn’t call yourself a graffitist if your tag name was not displayed throughout the gritty boroughs of the city. As the game became more competitive, so did the pieces. The pieces became more innovative and more intricate, focusing on both factors of quantity and quality while still achieving the ultimate goal of being â€Å"king. †(138) . The art work consist of simple tags, throw ups and pieces. ( Riebe, Bernd. Graffiti Art or Vandalism? † http://www. obsidian. bild-art. de/) Tagging is the most general type of graffiti as the letterings are created contrastingly with its background to make this form of simplicity stand out. Writers often tag to â€Å"sign† up on various territorial grounds which are easily recognized. The primary motivation for graffitists to continue their work is fame, which is mostly achieved by painting pieces. This form of graffiti allows graffitists to flaunt their artistic abilities through a more stylistic expression that will bring the writer respect. Aside from being gaining respect from the public and other artist, they still strive to compete with rival writers. Throw-ups or â€Å"throwies† lie in between a tag and a piece as its complexity is designed to quickly execute a graffitist anonym. Graffitists have their own signature tags and pieces for others to identify their intricate style. Heightening up the game, graffitists would recruit amateurs, or â€Å"toys†, to help spread the word throughout district communities to be known outside their region. It was one thing to be acknowledged in your own community, but to be recognized throughout various domains brought the graffiti game to a whole other level. By this way, graffitists formed alliances and new communities expanding beyond their own geographical areas which eventually began to capture the attention of the people. From then on, graffiti became a mainstream movement within local neighborhoods that soon enough became a lifestyle exposed through the media as a part of the hip-hop subculture. â€Å"Of all elements of the NYC hip hop subculture, graffiti received the most media attention†¦ Subway graffiti was then propagated by the music industry through rap music, break dancing and graffiti-styled album covers. Norman Mailer’s The Faith of Graffiti romanticized the youths as heroic young men creating art by beating the system. In the early eighties, movies such as Beat Street, Flash Dance and Wild Style spread the image of urban hip hop culture nation wide. † (Powers 139) Graffiti was a movement believed to progress into a form of art from the streets. Through such raw talent, it arose from a reputable competition between graffitists to becoming a widespread phenomenon acknowledged by the public. Since its extensive publicity on subways carts and communal walls in the 70s, the mainstream movement of graffiti as street art has become increasingly popular in the contemporary arts and sub-culture. Its raw nature has continued to consistently raise eyebrows and expose several unique and intrinsic styles that has set a new high uncovered within the world of the arts. Individuals have strayed from labeling graffiti as vandalism due to its confrontation of different social issues that have us questioning what we do and what we should do. From an act of rivalry for street credibility to an expressive form of individuality for a soul purpose, the graffiti movement continuously impacts communities through the media which has given its proper recognition as street art.